Racing Rules

2. A red flag means ‘One or more boats are penalized.’ The umpire shall hail or signal to identify each boat to be penalized. The protesting boat shall then remove her flag.



3. A boat penalized by an umpire’s decision shall make two 360º turns (720º) in compliance with rule 44.2.
   
   
4. When a boat commits a breach of sportsmanship or fails to take a penalty when required by an umpire, or when a boat or her team gains an advantage despite taking a penalty, an umpire may impose one or more 360º turn penalties by displaying a red flag and hailing her accordingly, or report the incident as provided in rule D2.2(e).
   
   
5. When an incident involves reckless sailing, rule 14 when damage may have been caused, rule 28.1 or failure to comply with an umpire’s decision, the umpire may report the incident to a protest committee which may further penalize the boat concerned. The umpire shall signal this intention by displaying a black flag and hailing appropriately.
   
   
6. Rules 60.2 and 60.3 do not apply. The protest committee may call a hearing only on receipt of a report from an umpire as provided in rule D2.2(e) or under rule 69.
   
   
7. Protests need not be in writing, and the protest committee may take evidence in any way it considers appropriate and may communicate its decision orally.
   
   
8. There shall be no requests for redress or to reopen a hearing or appeals by a boat arising from decisions or actions or non-actions by the umpires. The protest committee may decide to consider giving redress when it believes that an official boat, including an umpire boat, may have seriously interfered with a competing boat.

D2.3

Races with Observers

1. a boat need not request an opinion or accept one, in which case any protest shall comply with and be decided under the rules of Part 5 as changed by this appendix;